Narrative technique: any of the various other methods chosen to help narrate a story, such as establishing the story's setting (location in time and space), developing characters, exploring themes (main ideas or topics), structuring the plot, intentionally expressing certain details but not others, following or subverting genre norms, employing certain linguistic styles, and using various other storytelling devices.Narrative tense: the choice of either the past or present grammatical tense to establish either the prior completion or current immediacy of the plot.Narrative point of view, perspective, or voice: the choice of grammatical person used by the narrator to establish whether or not the narrator and the audience are participants in the story also, this includes the scope of the information or knowledge that the narrator presents.The narrative mode, which is sometimes also used as synonym for narrative technique, encompasses the set of choices through which the creator of the story develops their narrator and narration: However, narration is merely optional in most other storytelling formats, such as films, plays, television shows, and video games, in which the story can be conveyed through other means, like dialogue between characters or visual action. Narration is a required element of all written stories ( novels, short stories, poems, memoirs, etc.), presenting the story in its entirety. Narration is conveyed by a narrator: a specific person, or unspecified literary voice, developed by the creator of the story to deliver information to the audience, particularly about the plot: the series of events. Narration is the use of a written or spoken commentary to convey a story to an audience. For other uses, see Narrator (disambiguation). The term intrusive is sometimes also applied to first-person narrators, particularly when they interrupt the narrative with a personal digression or directly address the reader.ĮXAMPLES: Works featuring intrusive third-person narrators include Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones (1749), whose narrator declares that he “intend to digress, through this whole history, as often as I see occasion, of which I am myself a better judge than any pitiful critic whatever” Leo Tolstoi’s War and Peace (1864-66) Halldór Laxness’s Paradísarheimt ( Paradise Reclaimed) (1960) Milan Kundera’s The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1984) and Francisco Goldman’s The Divine Husband (2004), which begins: “When María de las Nieves Moran crossed from convent school to cloister to become a novice nun, it was to prevent Paquita Aparicio, her beloved childhood companion, from marrying the man both girls called ’El Anticristo.’ Of course that is not the version known to history.”Īn example of intrusive first-person narration is Jane’s announcement in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847): “Reader, I married him."Narrator" redirects here. By convention, an intrusive narrator’s assertions are intended to be authoritative. ![]() ![]() ![]() The intrusive narrator is opinionated, not detached and impersonal, and makes valuative judgments on the action and characters in a work. Intrusive narrator: An omniscient, third-person narrator who provides personal commentary or observation in addition to relating a story. ![]() The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms - Ross Murfin 2018 Intrusive narrator
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